What kids lose when they allow AI to write for them

Students who do not write—or who allow AI to compose for them instead—can lose much more than an assignment grade.  They can lose the ability to think deeply.

Writing in English involves many skills:

  • Writers need a working knowledge of specific vocabulary to make their ideas known. They need to know the vocabulary of the field they are writing about.  If AI does their writing, they don’t develop or maintain that vocabulary.
  • Writers need the ability to spell words correctly. AI can correct some, maybe most, spelling errors, but it misses many.  If a writer puts his or her name on writing with spelling errors, despite being written or edited by AI, it is the writer who is judged, not AI.
  • Writers need mastery English’s complex grammar. If a writer does not advance beyond using simple grammar, that person is identified by readers as a child, or as someone learning English, or as a poorly educated person.  Most of the AI writing I have read uses simpler sentence structures than good writers use.  Plus, there is a sameness to the sentences, a lack of style.
  • To write well, writers need to understand their topic Shallow understanding leads to shallow writing.  AI can be a big help in finding information and in organizing it meaningfully.  But if AI does this work, what has the writer learned?  One reason students write is to learn.  They might start with one thesis or theme, and make discoveries as they write, and end with unexpected insights.
  • Before they write sentences, writers need to organize concepts meaningfully. Not doing this leads to missing ideas, or irrelevant ideas, or ideas out of order.  AI, a system based on logic, can produce organized writing based on a writer’s input.  But it needs good input. Using AI to write leaves the human mind no keener than before.
  • Writers need all these skills in order to think well. Profound thinking comes from wrestling with concepts; from developing ideas coherently, logically, and persuasively; from presenting ideas using sophisticated language and style; from revising and polishing writing; and from analyzing and responding to counterarguments of related ideas.

Writing is a skill, and like any skill, to improve it takes practice.  How do you become a better soccer player?  By letting AI practice for you?  Of course not.  You improve skills by using them and honing them, again and again and again.

Teachers limit use of AI in English classrooms

The news this week is that the Oscars have officially banned AI scriptwriters from receiving awards.  Only real people need apply.  This is just the latest act of frustration over AI doing human work.

Teachers, too, are banning AI writing by their students.  AI has caught on so quickly with students that they are using it to do their homework.  And if students suspect their teachers will recognize that AI did their work, students can resubmit the homework to AI and ask that it be rewritten to sound more like the student—a seventh grader with a C average who misspells their, there, and they’re and who doesn’t recognize run-on sentences.

According to December 2025 polling by RAND (a research organization, http://www.rand.org), 48 to 62 percent of middle, high school and college students used AI regularly for homework between May and December 2025.  It’s easy. For example, a student can type into ChatGPT a question like “Who really caused the tragic deaths of Romeo and Juliet?” In less than three seconds a response begins to appear, naming several possible culprits and reasons for their choice.  With slight finagling of words, the student has an answer good enough to turn in.  No thought about the question is necessary, and only minor thought is required about how to circumvent a teacher’s plagiarism detectors.

Another way students are using AI is to read summaries of whatever they need to read, and then responding to teacher questions based on the summaries, not based on the original writing.  Students are bypassing Shakespeare and J.D. Salinger to let AI tell them the gist of that literature.

Teachers have become as wily as students.  One way teachers have found to eliminate AI is to ban the use of classroom computers or other electronic devices.  Students are required to read original documents in class, leave the documents at school, and write about them only in school.  Some teachers have given up on requiring at-home writing altogether; rather, they require students to write in class in longhand on numbered papers the teacher distributes.  When students need to revise, they cut apart their rough drafts and tape them together in a better order.  For students who haven’t learned to print or use cursive clearly, this can be tough.

If teachers ban the use of electronics in classes because of embedded AI, are they denying students practice on the technology they will use in their future jobs?  Or are they preparing them to be good thinkers?

What are the essential skills of writing?

One way to decide is by grade level.  First graders’ essential skills are different from students writing their Ph. D. dissertations.  Another way is by occupation.  Mothers emailing their children in college need different skills from project managers.  Still another way is by audience.  A newcomer to a language needs fewer skills than an editor of a financial publication.

Another way to see what are essential writing skills is to consider the rubrics middle and high school students need to follow.  However, they vary by teacher, subject, grade level, type writing, and on and on.

I have found research identifying the essential skills of reading, but I haven’t been able to find research showing essential skills of writing.  What I have found is a long laundry list, varying by teacher, school, or writer.  These skills include in no particular order:

  • Research, including using citations properly
  • Outlining and organizing before writing sentences
  • Revising after the first draft is complete
  • Spelling
  • Vocabulary and usage
  • Brevity
  • Sentence construction
  • Clarity
  • Persuasiveness
  • Punctuation
  • Voice
  • Hooks
  • Figurative language, imagery, idioms
  • Details, data
  • Vivid verbs, active voice verbs, consistent verb tense
  • Credibility
  • Editing

Missing from this list are some skills I find essential such as audience (Who are you writing for?  What are their reading skills and needs?), time management (How much time does the writer have?  Is she on deadline?), technical help (Are online grammar sites, AI, Spellcheck or an English teacher available to consult?), and thesis /main idea (Is the main idea stated, usually in the last sentence of the first paragraph.)

Because many sources say the same skill (grammar, for example) is important does not mean that skill is essential.  But it is a heavy contender.  Based on frequency of appearing on essential writing skills lists, I would single out these skills as a good start:

  • Outlining and organizing before writing sentences.
  • Writing a thesis or main idea and sticking to it.
  • Following the outline.
  • Including details.
  • Ignoring perfectionist tendencies; continuing even with mistakes.
  • Revising the first draft.
  • Editing, especially checking for grammar.

This is the way I teach writing to my students.  With enough practice, they become decent writers.

 

Ways AI can grade student writing

High school students complain about how slowly they receive their graded tests from teachers, especially written work.  Essays in particular are slow to be returned.  Weeks—sometimes even a month—will pass before a teacher hands back a graded essay to a student.

That is changing, or it could be, if teachers use an automated essay grading system (AEG).  Artificial intelligence (AI) embedded in software available online can do grading lickety-split almost as well as teachers can.  Some widely-used AEG systems include: 

The E-rater® (ETS).  This software is used to grade standardized tests like the GRE and GMAT. According to the E-rater website, this software uses AI and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to evaluate:

  • “content analysis based on vocabulary measures
  • “lexical complexity/diction
  • “proportion of grammar, usage and mechanics errors
  • “proportion of style comments
  • “organization and development scores
  • “rewarding idiomatic phraseology.”

IntelliMetric™.  This software evaluates over 400 features for a comprehensive analysis.  According to the IntelliMetric website, this product can score open-ended questions and give students immediate feedback.  It does this by “learning” responses made by experts and applying them to student work.  IntelliMetric software considers organization, development of ideas, sentence structure, style, conventions and coherence.

Intelligent Essay Assessor (IEA): This software uses Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to evaluate semantic content and meaning. It compares student written essays to pre-scored essays written by experts.  The scores that student essays earn when evaluated with this software compare to the scores human evaluators would give the essays, according to the IEA website.

PEG (Project Essay Grade): This software identifies patterns in a student’s writing (use of prepositional phrases, word count, and punctuation, for example) and correlates those features with complexity, fluency and mastery of conventions found in good writing.  According to the PEG website, PEG focuses on six traits of writing, including organization, style, development of ideas, word choice, sentence fluency, and conventions. All this is done using technology:  Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), and large language models (LLMs).

Virtual Writing Tutor: This free online software can find grammar and spelling errors in student work.  It can also link you to an online tutor.

SmartMarq: Teachers can list their own criteria for evaluating student work, feed it into SmartMarq’s software, and have the software evaluate student work.  The evaluations are customized to the teacher’s criteria.

In reading the websites of the automated essay grading systems discussed above, I found one problem over and over.  The websites themselves seem not to have been evaluated for their readability. If you’re a computer expert, the words and abbreviations probably makes sense.  But based on my own trouble understanding these websites, I wonder if they make sense to English teachers who are teaching students to use standard English.

 

Rewrite along with your student

Suppose a talented but easily bored third grader needs to stay focused on her writing lessons in order to improve her writing skills.  This student likes silliness, absurdity and humor in writing.  (Don’t we all?)  My solution:  Take short passages from books,  replace dull parts, and add humorous details.

My student and I began with a passage from the novel Wonder.  In the passage, a mother is in the hospital, about to give birth, when the nurse helping her farts — not not a sneaky fart, but a loud, explosive fart.  (Kids love to read about farts.)  Meanwhile the doctor faints and the angry father doesn’t know what to do.

I suggested to my student that she imagine what comes next in this situation and write about that.  I had to convince her that because this was writing practice, she could write whatever she wanted.  It didn’t have to agree with the book or even be true.  She was not convinced.  So I took the lead and wrote the next sentence.

“Hey!  I’m having a baby over here!” the mother said.  “Somebody help me.”

My student’s eyes lit.  She quickly wrote the next sentence:

“But I am tired.  Let’s wait for the doctor to wake up,” the farting nurse said. 

My turn.  I wrote:

“The baby’s coming NOW!” the mother cried. 

My student wrote next:

“What kind of hospital is this? Our baby needs to be born,” the father shouted.

And so we continued until the end of class, or should I say past the end of class because the student wanted to continue.

Is the writing outstanding?  Well, for a third grader, it’s pretty good.  Was the student engaged?  Definitely.  Will the student use dialog in the future?  Probably, especially if we practice it more.

Did it make a difference that the teacher was writing?  That might have been the most important factor of all.  It’s always more fun if you work with someone else.  In this case, the teacher was more of a fellow writer than an expert, so the student was not intimidated.  I deleted parts of what I wrote and rewrote them, modeling good writing practices.  I responded to my student’s ideas, letting her know her ideas were important.

Is this a practical writing exercise?  Yes, most teachers can do this with a class weekly or biweekly.  The problem is finding a writing passage to launch the student/teacher collaboration.  Some possibilities are

  • Mark Twain’s work. It’s all in the public domain now, so you don’t have to worry about copyrights.  And it’s full of humorous scenes and dialog.  Tom Sawyer convincing his friends to paint the fence.  Tom falling in love with Becky.  Tom and Huck showing up for their own funerals.  Huck dressing like a girl to visit a river town.  If a passage is too long, it only takes a few minutes to paraphrase it and send it to students’ networked computers.

 

  • Scenes from Judy Bloom’s Fudge.   You’d have to summarize a scene like the father pouring the meal over Fudge’s head in the bathtub, but most kids are familiar with Fudge’s antics anyway.  The idea is to write them in your own style, with your own imaginary details.  Two or three kids could collaborate and later share their passages after the teacher patterns how to work together.

 

  • Wimpy Kid Greg finds himself in dozens of silly predicaments. Look at the pictures and write what you see, forgetting Jeff Kinny’s words on the page.  Elaborate on what students know by adding new details.

 

  • For older students, take Romeo’s words about Juliet being the sun to a jealous moon.  What would Juliet say if she were a female Young Sheldon who didn’t get poetry or metaphors?  Or rewrite Mercutio’s double entendres as a conversation with his friends.

Teachers might say, I don’t have time for this.  But do you have an hour once a month to create or find a passage to use with your class?  Could other teachers do the same and share their work?  Students need imaginative writing lessons to improve their writing skills.