Monthly Archives: October 2019

How many names are too many names?

When you start to write a novel or a short story, how many characters should you introduce in the first scene?

I picked up the novel of a new-to-me but best-selling author tonight and started reading.  On the first page (really a half page), five characters were introduced along with their relationships to each other.  On the second page, four more people were named and their relationships.  On the third page, one more.  Ten names and a web of who knows how many relationships in two and a half pages of text.  None of them were developed enough to know more than “he’s a detective,” “she’s an au pair,” “she’s giving the party” and “he’s got a crush on the au pair.”

A bit into the second page I was flipping back to the first page to remind myself  who was who.  Then, befuddled, I pulled out a piece of paper and drew family tree-like relationships to keep characters straight.

Should this be necessary?  How many names are too many names?

I have never read any guidance on this topic.  Yet a maximum number of names is an important criterion for me to use to determine if I will keep reading.  If I find myself needing to draw family trees, I ask myself, “Is this worth reading?”  “No,” I almost always decide.  If an author can’t figure out how to introduce characters without confusing me, then the author can’t be that good.  I put the book back on the shelf and move on.

In college I needed to read Anna Karenina in English 101.  At the front of my translation was a list of characters which at first intimidated me.  But I rarely  consulted it.  Tolstoy had a way of introducing characters without overloading my short-term memory.  For the heck of it, I just now checked to count how many characters Tolstoy introduced by name in that novel’s first scene (about two pages).  The answer–three:  Stiva, his wife, Dolly, and one man named as part of a silly dream, a man whose name we realize immediately is not important.  Other people’s roles are mentioned—a French governess, an English governess, a housekeeper, a cook, a kitchen-maid, a coachman, the children—but they are not named.  A reader needs to keep track of only two.  And one of those two we are learning about intimately since those pages are told from his point of view.

How many names are too many names?  I don’t know.  But when I am confused by the third page, that is too many names.

Quid pro quo–huh?

“Quid pro quo” has been dominating the news this past week, with people discussing whether President Trump’s saying to the president of Ukraine—“I would like you to do us a favor though”—is an example of “quid pro quo.”

student thinking about what to write

Newscasters use the phrase glibly, but I wonder how many listeners or readers know what “quid pro quo” means.

Many Latin phrases or abbreviations seem not to be taught in schools any more.  When I write, “e.g.,” students ask me what I mean.  When I tell them, they ask, Shouldn’t you write “ex”?

For the heck of it, see how many once commonly used Latin phrases or abbreviations you know.  Answers are below.

A.D.

a.m.

e.g.

et al.

etc.

ibid.

i.e.

lb.

N.B.

Ph. D.

p.m.

P.S.

quid pro quo

re.

sic

stat.

v.

Answers:

A.D. means Anno Domini or year of our Lord.  For the past 2,000 years, Europeans have kept track of time by using the birth of Jesus Christ as the starting point.  For example, 2019 A.D. means 2019 years after the birth of Christ.

a.m. means ante meridiem, before the middle of the day, before noon, morning

e.g. means exempli gratia, for example, for instance

et al. means and the others when referring to people

etc. means and the others when referring to inanimate objects

ibid. means ibidem, in the same place.  It is used in bibliographies to show that a second entry comes from the same place as the previous entry.

i.e. means that is or in other words

lb. means libra, scales, weight in pounds

N.B. means Nota Bene, note well, and is written in upper case letters

Ph. D. means Philosophiae Doctor, Doctor of Philosophy

p.m. means post meridiem, after the middle of the day, after noon

P.S. means post scriptum, after the text

quid pro quo means something for something, an exchange of goods or services contingent on each party doing what is promised

re. means concerning, in the matter of

sic means sic erat scriptum, thus it was written; used to show an error in the original which the person quoting has not changed

stat. means statim, immediately

v. means versus, against

 

 

The last word

When I was a newspaper editor years ago, one of my jobs was to read the competing newspapers on deadline to be sure my paper was covering every story important to our readers.  If we  missed something that our competition had covered,  a reporter would make a few calls and write a story — usually the same facts as in the other papers — but updated.Detective with a magnifying glass inspecting a newspaper.

Our obligation to our readers wasn’t to provide the end-all and be-all of news stories.  No, our obligation was to provide the facts as we knew them on deadline, realizing that later editions would have more facts or updated facts.  We rarely had the last word on an important story because there would always be later information.

Some writers become stymied by the infinite amount of information available on a given topic. The topic could be nonfiction such as what I did on my summer vacation or the best putters on the market today.   How can I cover it all ? (You can’t.)  The topic could be fiction such as flying to India or life in a boarding school.  How can I cover it all?  (You can’t.)

In children, I find this desire to cover everything is almost universal.  When they pick topics, they pick huge topics:  World War II, global warming, or the solar system.  When I tell them to limit the topic to say one moon of Saturn, fear fills their eyes as if there isn’t nearly enough information about one measly moon.

This same desire to say all that can be said confounds adults too.  Maybe you want to write the definitive book on war.  It can’t be done.  You need to reduce the scope of your topic to a particular battle or the development of a particular bomber or the role of a particular soldier.

With children, the teacher says, “Do it!,” and the essay gets written, good, bad or ugly.  With adults, the book might never materialize because there is always another interview to conduct, more data to collect, another book to read.

What should you do if you are overwhelmed by information?  First, think small.  Think minute.  Decide on one teeny, tiny aspect of your topic.  Second, research it well but within the confines of a deadline.  Third, write, but stick to a deadline to finish your first draft.  And last, celebrate a job well done.  Not perfectly done, but done.

One of the great rewards of working for a newspaper is a daily product.   At a certain time the first edition rolls off the presses, and reporters and editors bask in a job done.  Not perfectly done, but done.  Done well enough with the facts at hand on deadline.

An hour later, somewhere across town, in a competing newsroom, another editor would be searching through my newspaper to be sure her reporters were covering all the news her readers would want to know about.  And her reporters would be making calls to update stories, knowing that they, too, would not have the last word.